Side Effects and Precautions for Long-Term Use of OTC Acne Ointments

Introduction

Acne ointments available at pharmacies and hospitals are one of the first options many people turn to for tackling acne problems. While these ointments generally offer effective and fast results, they are not meant for indiscriminate, long-term use. 

They contain various active ingredients like salicylic acid, retinol, alpha-hydroxy acids, and steroids. Using these substances for extended periods may cause adverse effects on your skin. 

This article aims to explore the key ingredients in over-the-counter acne ointments sold at pharmacies and hospitals and the potential side effects and precautions for long-term usage.

Benefits and Efficacy of Acne Ointments

Before discussing the side effects, let's briefly go over the advantages and effectiveness of acne ointments. These ointments are primarily designed to treat inflammation and pustules on the skin. They can be applied topically to specific areas for focused treatment, and most products start showing effects right after application. They are easily accessible at pharmacies, and their cost-effective price adds to their appeal. Their tube or stick form makes them convenient for use anytime, anywhere.

Potential Side Effects of Long-term Use

Were you aware that long-term use of even a good ointment could adversely affect your skin or exacerbate acne? Assuming you're unaware of the components in the ointment you're using, we've listed below some potential side effects of long-term use.

• Skin Dryness: These ointments contain ingredients designed to reduce inflammation and remove dead skin cells. Extended use can damage your skin's natural moisture barrier, leading to dryness. Dry skin is more prone to accumulating dead skin cells, which could lead to new acne formation.
• Increased Skin Sensitivity: Sensitivity to the medicinal ingredients or specific additives can increase. Heightened sensitivity may cause your skin to become more easily irritated or itchy, and pose a problem when trying new cosmetics or skincare products.
• Pigmentation: Some acne ointments may contain ingredients that lighten the skin. Overuse can result in uneven pigmentation, worsening your skin condition.
• Development of Resistance: Over time, your skin may build resistance to the antibiotic or anti-inflammatory ingredients, reducing their effectiveness.
• Hormonal Imbalance: Ointments containing steroids can cause hormonal imbalances. For women, this can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, weight gain, and various other side effects.

For a more accurate understanding of what side effects you might encounter, it's crucial to know the full list of ingredients in the acne ointment you're using. You can easily find this information on the product container, packaging, or online.

Long-Term Ingredients That Can Pose Problems

We can't cover all the ingredients used in acne ointments in this post, but we have listed the most important ones.  If you are using an acne ointment with these ingredients, check what the long-term side effects might be. 

We have also indicated what "long-term" means for each ingredient for your convenience. Keep in mind that this information is general guidance and can vary depending on individual skin conditions and other factors. If you're unsure, consult with a dermatologist or visit a hospital.

Benzoyl Peroxide

• Risks of long-term use: Effective for treating acne, but long-term use can severely dry out your skin. Some people may have allergic reactions to it.
• Long-term: After 2-3 months, sensitive reactions and resistance could develop.

Salicylic Acid

• Risks of long-term use
• pH imbalance: Salicylic acid is acidic and can disrupt your skin’s pH balance, weakening your skin barrier and making it more susceptible to external harm.
• Dryness and Sensitivity: Prolonged use can dry out the skin and make it more sensitive.
• Long-term: Using for 3-6 months could lead to pH imbalance and dry skin.

Clindamycin/Erythromycin

• Risks of long-term use
• Antibiotic Resistance: Long-term use can lead to bacteria developing resistance.
• Disruption of Skin Microbiome: Continuous use can disturb the skin's natural microbiome balance, causing other skin problems.
• Long-term: After 4-8 weeks, there could be a decrease in effectiveness and bacteria could develop resistance.

Retinol

• Risks of long-term use
• Skin Sensitivity: Retinol encourages rapid cell turnover, which can make skin more sensitive in the long run.
• UV Sensitivity: Protect your skin from the sun while using retinol, or it can become more sensitive to UV rays.
• Long-term: After 3-6 months, increased sensitivity and UV sensitivity can occur.

Azelaic Acid

• Risks of long-term use
• Skin Sensitivity: Azelaic acid can irritate the skin, and long-term use can increase this sensitivity.
• UV Sensitivity: Sunscreen is essential when using this ingredient.
• Long-term: After 4-6 months, dryness and irritation are likely.

Niacinamide

• Risks of long-term use
• Skin Instability: Using high concentrations for a long time can destabilize skin’s pH levels.
• Allergic Reactions: Some people may have allergic reactions to niacinamide, which can be more common with long-term use.
• Long-term: Relatively fewer issues, but be cautious after 6-12 months.

AHAs (Alpha Hydroxy Acids)

• Risks of long-term use
• Weakened Skin Barrier: AHAs remove the outer layer of skin, potentially weakening the skin barrier and exposing it to harmful external elements.
• Skin Irritation: Especially with high concentrations, irritation can occur, causing skin issues.
• Long-term: After 4-6 months, weakening of the skin barrier and irritation can occur.

Additionally, some of you might have experience being prescribed acne ointments that contain steroids from hospitals or pharmacies. 

Steroid ingredients are generally not recommended for treating acne. While effective for reducing inflammation and itchiness, inappropriate use can worsen acne and cause various side effects on the skin. 

In some cases, you might have other skin issues like dermatitis or eczema along with acne, and in those situations, you might be prescribed products containing steroids. 

Even in such cases, it's crucial to follow a dermatologist's instructions, and steroids should only be used short-term. 

Generally, the typical usage duration for acne ointments with steroids is 2-4 weeks, and extended use can lead to thinning of the skin, color changes, and hormonal imbalances.